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Variances arise in 'Bessel panels - highpower speaker systems with radial sound
distribution', Philips Technical Publication
091, 15/3/83 and 'Bessel arrays', elektor,
p14-15, Jul-Aug 89. The US patent
(4399328, 16/8/83, Google search for
same) contains two certificates of
correction.
A discussion of a compact practical implementation can
be found here. However, 'normal' multi-way hi-fi
speakers, which ideally should be identical, can be used
instead to construct arrays. Microphones deployed
according to these distributions will yield a supersensitive microphone with a spherical radiation pattern.
Apart from the interest in my John Linsley Hood webpages, this is the one area that I probably receive the
most e-mails about. Most enquire about the factors,
those shown above being checked thoroughly against
the original publications. Later patents and designs
employ differing weighting factors and layouts. Chris
Ziolkowski kindly points out a good example, 'Bessel
array with full amplitude signal to half amplitude
position transducer's (US pat 2006/0159289 A1,
20/7/06, Google search for same) by Stiles, Turnmire
and Calderwood which contains lots of constructional
detail for a number of variants and is recommended
since this approach reduces the variance between
individual power factors. As Chris has indicated, Drg 77
(wall-mounted, surround sound) is worth a look,
although he would wire as a bipole rather than dipole
(below). Any problems with pressure differentials could
be overcome by a central partition between the 6
horizontal drivers. Offsetting the speaker axes would
help prevent standing waves and the addition of a
tweeter array might be useful.
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